COMPUTER REPAIRING

Introducing our company: Khan Computer Tonk

About Us:- At Khan Computers, we specialize in providing reliable, fast, and professional computer hardware services. From diagnosing issues to repairing and upgrading components, our goal is to keep your systems running smoothly and efficiently.

With 6 years of experience in handling desktops and laptops. And custom-built systems, we offer expert solutions for:

· Hardware repairs – fixing faulty components , replacing damaged parts

· Upgrades – boosting performance with the latest processors, RAM, and personal use

· Custom pc built – tailored systems for gaming, business, and personal use

· Maintenance – cleaning, servicing, and preventing future issues

Why choose us?

ü Skilled & experienced technicians

ü Genuine replacement parts

ü Quick turnaround time

ü Affordable pricing with no hidden costs

ü Customer satisfaction guaranteed

keybored

Types of Computer Keyboards

1. Mechanical Keyboards

Known for their tactile feedback and durability.
Ideal for gamers, programmers, and those who type frequently.
Offer different switch types like Blue, Red, or Brown, each with a
unique feel and sound.

2. Membrane Keyboards

Lightweight and affordable.
Quieter than mechanical keyboards.
Great for casual use, though less durable.

3. Wireless Keyboards

Connect via Bluetooth or USB receiver.
Provide more mobility and a clutter-free workspace.
Require batteries or charging.

4. Ergonomic Keyboards

Designed to reduce strain on wrists and hands.
Helpful for long hours of typing.
Commonly used by professionals seeking improved posture support.

5. Gaming Keyboards

Often mechanical with RGB lighting.
Come with programmable keys and faster response times.
Built for durability and speed.

Features to Consider Before Buying

Switch Type (mechanical vs. membrane)
Connectivity (wired vs. wireless)
Backlighting (useful in low-light environments)
Ergonomics (comfortable design for long use)
Build Quality (plastic vs. aluminum frames)

Mouse

Types of Computer Mouses

1. Wired Mouse

Connects directly via USB.
Offers reliable performance with no lag.
Doesn’t require batteries or charging.

2. Wireless Mouse

Connects through Bluetooth or a USB dongle.
Provides freedom of movement and a clutter-free desk.
Requires charging or batteries.

3. Gaming Mouse

Equipped with high-DPI sensors for precision.
Often comes with customizable buttons and RGB lighting.
Designed for durability and speed, perfect for gamers.

4. Ergonomic Mouse

Specially shaped to support natural hand posture.
Reduces strain on the wrist and fingers.
Ideal for professionals who spend long hours on computers.

5. Trackball Mouse

Uses a ball for navigation instead of moving the whole mouse.
Great for precision tasks like graphic design or CAD.
Often preferred by users with limited desk space.

Key Features to Look for

DPI (Dots Per Inch): Determines sensitivity and speed.
Connectivity: Wired vs. wireless options.
Ergonomics: Comfort for long-term use.
Programmable Buttons: Useful for gamers and productivity users.
Battery Life: Important for wireless models.
Ram

Computer RAM stands for Random Access Memory.

It’s a type of temporary memory that your computer uses to store data and instructions while it is powered on.

Here’s a simple breakdown:

🧠 Short-term memory of a computer – RAM holds the data your system is actively using, like open apps, files, and running processes.
⚡ Very fast – It allows your computer to quickly read and write information, much faster than a hard drive or SSD.
🗑️ Temporary – When you shut down or restart your computer, everything stored in RAM is erased (unlike a hard drive, which keeps data permanently).

Example:

When you open Google Chrome, your operating system loads it from the hard drive into RAM, allowing it to run quickly.
More RAM = the computer can run more programs at once without slowing down.

👉 Types of RAM include DDR3, DDR4, DDR5 (common in PCs/laptops), and SRAM, DRAM (technical classifications).

Types of RAM:

Main Categories of RAM

RAM is generally divided into two main types:

SRAM (Static RAM)
- Faster and more expensive.
- Stores data using flip-flops (no refreshing needed).
- Used in CPU cache (not as system memory).
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
- Slower and cheaper.
- Stores data using capacitors, which must be refreshed many times per second.
- Used as the main system RAM in computers.

🔹 Types of DRAM (Most Common in Computers)

SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)
- Works in sync with the CPU clock speed.
- Faster than older asynchronous DRAM.
DDR SDRAM (Double Data Rate SDRAM)
- Transfers data twice per clock cycle.
- Variants include:
  - DDR1 (old, mostly obsolete)
  - DDR2 (faster, used in older PCs)
  - DDR3 (common in laptops/PCs a few years ago)
  - DDR4 (most common today, faster & efficient)
  - DDR5 (latest, used in new gaming PCs & servers).
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)
- Once developed for high-speed computing.
- Rarely used today, replaced by DDR.

🔹 Other Specialized RAM

VRAM (Video RAM) – Memory for graphics cards.
GDDR (Graphics DDR) – Used in GPUs, like GDDR5, GDDR6.
HBM (High Bandwidth Memory) – Very fast RAM for advanced GPUs.
LPDDR (Low Power DDR) – Used in smartphones & tablets for power saving.

✅ In simple terms:

SRAM = cache memory (very fast, small).
DRAM/DDR = main memory (what we usually call RAM).
GDDR/VRAM = graphics memory.

Do you want me to make a comparison table with speed, cost, and uses for each RAM type? That way, it’s super easy to understand.

processor

A computer processor (also called CPU – Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer. 🧠

It’s the part of the computer that carries out instructions and does all the thinking, calculations, and decision-making.

🔹 Functions of a Processor

Fetch – Takes instructions from memory (RAM).
Decode – Understands what the instruction means.
Execute – Performs the instruction (calculation, moving data, etc.).
Store – Sends the result back to memory or the output device.

This cycle repeats millions (or even billions) of times per second.

🔹 Key Features of a Processor

Clock Speed (GHz):
How many cycles (steps) the processor can do per second. Higher = faster.
Cores:
Each core can process instructions independently.
- Single-core (old CPUs)
- Dual-core (2 cores)
- Quad-core (4 cores)
- Octa-core (8 cores) and beyond.
Threads:
Virtual divisions of cores for multitasking (Hyper-Threading / SMT).
Cache Memory:
A very fast memory inside the CPU for quick access.

🔹 Types of Processors

Desktop & Laptop CPUs: Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i9, AMD Ryzen series.
Mobile CPUs: Qualcomm Snapdragon, Apple A-series, MediaTek, etc.
Server CPUs: Intel Xeon, AMD EPYC.
GPU (Graphics Processor): Not the CPU, but a processor for handling graphics.

✅ In short: The processor is the brain of your computer that handles all the instructions and makes the system work smoothly. Without it, the computer can’t function.

power supply (SMPS)

Understanding Computer Power Supply (SMPS): The Heart of Your PC

When we talk about computers, most people immediately think of processors, graphics cards, or RAM. But there’s one crucial component without which nothing else can function – the SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply). It’s the unsung hero that powers every part of your system.

What is an SMPS?

The SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply) is the device that converts the high-voltage AC (Alternating Current) from your wall socket into the lower-voltage DC (Direct Current) required by your computer’s internal components, like the CPU, motherboard, storage drives, and graphics card.

Unlike traditional linear power supplies, SMPS is more efficient, compact, and reliable because it uses high-frequency switching technology to regulate power.

Why is SMPS Important?

Stable Power Delivery – Prevents damage to components by supplying a steady voltage.
Efficiency – Converts electricity with minimal power loss.
Protection – Shields your PC from voltage fluctuations, short circuits, and overheating.
Longevity of Components – A quality SMPS ensures your hardware runs smoothly for years.

Types of SMPS in Computers

ATX Power Supply – The most common type used in desktops.
SFX Power Supply – Smaller form factor for compact builds.
Modular SMPS – Allows you to connect only the cables you need, improving airflow.
Non-Modular SMPS – Comes with fixed cables, often cheaper but less customizable.

How to Choose the Right SMPS

When buying an SMPS, consider:

Wattage – Ensure it provides enough power for your CPU, GPU, and peripherals.
80 PLUS Certification – Higher ratings (Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum) mean more efficiency.
Build Quality & Brand – Go for trusted brands to avoid risks of cheap power supplies.
Future Upgrades – Always keep some power headroom for future hardware upgrades.

cooling fan

🔹 What is a CPU Fan?

A CPU fan is a cooling component attached to the processor’s heatsink. Its main job is to push hot air away from the CPU and maintain a safe temperature for smooth performance. Since processors generate significant heat while processing data, the CPU fan ensures they don’t overheat.

🔹 Why is the CPU Fan Important?

Prevents Overheating: Keeps the processor cool during heavy workloads like gaming, video editing, or programming.
Maintains Performance: A cooler CPU performs faster and more efficiently.
Prolongs Lifespan: Prevents thermal damage and extends the life of your CPU.
Silent Operation: High-quality fans reduce noise while providing effective cooling.

🔹 Types of CPU Fans

Air Coolers (Standard Fans):
- Most common and affordable option.
- Utilizes a fan and heatsink to dissipate heat from the CPU.
Liquid Coolers (AIO Coolers):
- Uses liquid to transfer heat, usually with a radiator and pump.
- Ideal for gamers and high-performance PC users.
Hybrid Coolers:
- A combination of air and liquid cooling for balanced performance.

🔹 Signs Your CPU Fan Needs Attention

Loud or unusual noises coming from the PC.
Frequent overheating or automatic shutdowns.
CPU temperature stays high even during light tasks.

🔹 Tips for Maintaining Your CPU Fan

Clean regularly to remove dust buildup.
Ensure proper airflow inside the cabinet.
Apply thermal paste properly during installation.
Replace faulty fans before they damage the CPU.

CCTV

The Ultimate Guide to CCTV Cameras: Why They're Essential in 2025

In today’s fast-paced world, security is more important than ever. Whether you're a homeowner, business operator, or property manager, installing a CCTV camera system is one of the smartest investments you can make to protect your property and loved ones. With advancements in technology, modern CCTV cameras go far beyond simple video recording. Let's dive into what CCTV cameras are, why they matter, and how to choose the right one in 2025.

Benefits of CCTV Cameras

✅ Crime Deterrent

Visible cameras discourage theft, vandalism, and break-ins. Potential intruders are far less likely to target a location that has active surveillance.

✅ 24/7 Monitoring

Modern CCTV systems offer around-the-clock monitoring, often with night vision and motion detection, giving you peace of mind whether you're home or away.

✅ Remote Access

With cloud-connected systems, you can monitor live feeds from your smartphone or computer anywhere in the world.

✅ Evidence Collection

CCTV footage can be crucial in investigations, providing concrete evidence to law enforcement and insurance companies.

✅ Employee & Customer Safety

For businesses, cameras can help monitor employee behavior, prevent misconduct, and protect both staff and customers.

Types of CCTV Cameras in 2025

Dome Cameras
Ideal for indoor use, dome cameras are discreet and blend well with modern interiors.
Bullet Cameras
These are perfect for long-range outdoor surveillance and offer high-quality footage.
PTZ Cameras (Pan-Tilt-Zoom)
Allows operators to move the camera and zoom in/out remotely – great for large-scale environments.
Wireless IP Cameras
Easy to install and accessible via mobile apps, perfect for home users.
AI-Powered Smart Cameras
Equipped with facial recognition, motion tracking, and real-time alerts. These are becoming standard in smart homes and offices.

Our services:-

1. Installation & Setup

Assembling custom desktop PCs
Installing hardware components (CPU, RAM, GPU, SSD/HDD, etc.)
Setting up peripheral devices (printers, monitors, routers)

2. Diagnosis & Troubleshooting

Identifying issues with failing hardware
Diagnosing startup failures, overheating, or unexpected shutdowns

3. Repair Services

Replacing damaged components (e.g., motherboards, power supplies, keyboards)
Fixing loose connections, broken ports, or faulty fans

4. Upgrades

RAM upgrades
Storage upgrades (HDD to SSD)
GPU or CPU upgrades
BIOS firmware updates

5. Preventive Maintenance

Cleaning internal components (dust removal, thermal paste replacement)
Checking for wear-and-tear or loose cables
System performance optimization

6. Data Backup & Recovery (Hardware-Related)

Recovering data from physically damaged drives
Cloning or replacing failing hard drives

7. Networking Hardware Support

Installation and setup of routers, switches, and network cards
Troubleshooting wired/wireless connections

8. Hardware Consultation

Advising on hardware purchases for personal or business use
Compatibility checks for upgrades or new builds

🧰 Motherboard Repairing a Computer – Complete Guide

1. Introduction

The motherboard is the central hub of a computer — connecting the CPU, RAM, storage, and all peripherals. When it fails, the whole system can stop working. Repairing a motherboard requires careful diagnosis, precision tools, and a good understanding of electronics.

2. Common Symptoms of Motherboard Problems

Before repairing, identify the signs that point to motherboard failure:

The computer does not power on at all.
No display on the monitor despite the fans spinning.
Random restarts or freezing.
Burnt smell or visible damage on components.
USB or audio ports are not working.
Beep codes or LED error indicators on boot.

3. Tools and Equipment Required

Multimeter (for voltage and continuity testing)
Soldering iron and solder wire
Flux and desoldering pump
Hot air rework station
Screwdrivers and tweezers
Isopropyl alcohol and a brush (for cleaning)
Magnifying glass or microscope
Replacement components (capacitors, MOSFETs, ICs, etc.)

4. Step-by-Step Motherboard Repair Process

Step 1: Visual Inspection

Disconnect power and remove the motherboard from the case.
Look for burnt components, bulging capacitors, or broken traces.
Check for dust buildup or corrosion, especially near power connectors and slots.

Step 2: Power Supply Check

Test the power supply unit (PSU) using a multimeter or a PSU tester.
Ensure the 24-pin ATX and 8-pin CPU connectors deliver proper voltages.

Step 3: Basic Component Test

Test RAM, CPU, and GPU on another working motherboard to rule them out.
Try booting the motherboard with minimum components (CPU + 1 RAM stick).

Step 4: Voltage Testing

Use a multimeter to measure voltage at:
- Vcore (CPU power)
- 3.3V, 5V, and 12V rails
- BIOS chip
If any rail is missing or unstable, suspect a shorted MOSFET or power IC.

Step 5: Short Circuit Detection

Set your multimeter to continuity mode.
Check for short circuits between ground and power lines.
If a short exists, use a power injection method to locate the hot component.

Step 6: Component Replacement

Identify faulty parts (commonly capacitors, MOSFETs, VRMs, or ICs).
Use the hot air rework station to carefully remove the damaged component.
Clean the pads with flux, then solder the new component in place.

Step 7: BIOS and Firmware

If the board powers on but doesn’t display, reflash or replace the BIOS chip.
Use a BIOS programmer or download the firmware from the manufacturer’s website.

Step 8: Testing and Assembly

After repair, reconnect all components and power on the system.
Run stress tests and temperature monitoring to ensure stability.
Reassemble the computer case and ensure all ports function correctly.

5. Safety Tips

Always disconnect power before handling the motherboard.
Avoid excessive heat when soldering to prevent PCB damage.
Ground yourself to prevent electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Use genuine or equivalent-quality replacement parts.

6. Preventive Maintenance

Keep the computer in a cool, dust-free environment.
Regularly clean dust from fans and heat sinks.
Ensure a stable power supply with a surge protector or UPS.
Update BIOS and drivers periodically.

🔌 Types of Computer Ports and Their Functions

Let’s break down the most common types of ports you’ll find on modern computers and what they do:

1. USB Ports (Universal Serial Bus)

Purpose: Connect peripherals like flash drives, external hard drives, mice, keyboards, and smartphones.
Types:

USB-A: The standard rectangular port found on most computers.
USB-B: Commonly used for printers.
USB-C: The new reversible connector that supports faster data transfer and power delivery.
Micro & Mini USB: Older versions used in cameras and mobile devices.

2. HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)

Purpose: Transmits high-quality audio and video to monitors, TVs, or projectors.
Common Use: Connecting your computer to an external display or TV for presentations, movies, or gaming.
Note: HDMI supports both sound and video—no need for separate audio cables.

3. DisplayPort

Purpose: Similar to HDMI but often preferred by PC enthusiasts for higher refresh rates and better performance in gaming and professional graphics.
Fun fact: DisplayPort can daisy-chain multiple monitors from a single connection.

4. Ethernet (RJ-45)

Purpose: Provides a stable, wired internet connection.
Speed: Usually faster and more reliable than Wi-Fi, especially for online gaming and large file transfers.

5. Audio Ports (3.5mm Jack)

Purpose: Connects headphones, microphones, and speakers.
Types:
- Green: Output for headphones/speakers.
- Pink: Input for microphones.
- Blue: Line-in for external audio devices.

6. VGA (Video Graphics Array)

Purpose: The Older port is used to connect monitors and projectors.
Characteristic: Blue-colored, 15-pin connector.
Note: Largely replaced by HDMI and DisplayPort, but still used in some legacy systems.

7. Thunderbolt Port

Purpose: Combines data, video, and power in a single connection.
Versions: Thunderbolt 3 and 4 use the USB-C connector.
Speed: Extremely fast—up to 40 Gbps! Perfect for high-end laptops and creative professionals.

8. SD Card Slot

Purpose: Reads memory cards from cameras, drones, and mobile devices.
Use Case: Ideal for transferring photos and videos quickly.

KHAN COMPUTER REPAIR & SERVICES